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3d Marine Regiment

January 1967

During the month of January the basic mission of the Third Marines remained unaltered even though the disposition of forces was realigned, the forces available increased, and the area of operations expanded. As a result of the realignment of forces with the attendant probability of increased activity, the number of patrols in the Third Marines area of operations was increased in order to gain intimate knowledge of the newly occupied areas and to screen and cover the terrain between the outposts and fixed installations and along the main routes of approach into the expanded area of operations. At the close of January, after the relocated units had become familiar with the area in and around their new positions, the Regiment commenced a series of battalion (-) operations with the intent of keeping one battalion on search and destroy missions, on an alternating basis, at all times in order to keep enemy units from massing for an attack on fixed positions.

At the end of December Third Marines forces and direct support artillery were aligned in the following Manner. The Regimental Headquarters was located at Camp J.J. CARROLL. Headquarters/E and H/2/3 were located in defensive positions at Camp CARROLL. Company F/2/3 was located in defensive positions at the KHE GIA Bridge, and Company G/2/3 was under the operational control of the 3/4. Headquarters, I, K, and M/3/3 were located in a “tight” defensive position 2000-3000 meters north of THON SON LAM. L/3/3 was located in defensive positions at the base of the “ROCKPILE”. Direct support artillery was controlled by the 1/12 and essentially included two batteries (Battery A and C) situated at Camp CARROLL. The total forces at the disposal of the Third Marines were seven infantry companies and two artillery batteries. The total area of operations of the Third Marines comprised 79 square miles.

Just prior to the beginning of the new year the 3d Marine Division and Division Forward were confronted with the task of repositioning US Forces in the two northern provinces to relieve Vietnamese Army units who were to redeploy in support of the Revolutionary Development Program. Division Forward, in command of Operation PRAIRIE, was ordered to relieve ARVN units at D-5, CA LU, and BA LONG Outposts, in addition to maintaining forces in already occupied areas. The forces available to Division Forward were three Marine infantry battalions and three Regimental Forces Companies for positioning at the three outposts - D-5, CA LU and BA LONG - to operate on a cooperation/coordination basis with the Marine units to be located at those positions. The Third Marines recommended that Regiment retain its two infantry battalions in their already assigned areas and occupy the outposts at D-5, CA LU and BA LONG in addition. Together with the Regional Forces Companies, Third Marines units would relieve the ARVN forces at the three outposts. Furthermore, the Regiment recommended that the primary position of the 3/3 be moved from the “tight” defensive position to the north of THON SON LAM to an operating base to the south of THON SON LAM astride Route 9 so that the battalion could better maneuver within its own area of operations, while providing an operating and/or reaction force for the entire PRAIRIE and KHE SANH area.

The plan was approved and repositioning commenced immediately. On 30 December 1966, K/3/3 and the 123d Regional Forces Company, moving by truck convoy with supplies, began to relieve ARVN units at CA LU Outpost. Relief was completed on 31 December 1966. As the 3/3 was unable to physically support CA LU from positions north of THON SON LAM and the CAM LO River and because of the great distance separating K/3/3 from its parent organization with the attendant logistical support problems, the Third Marines assumed operational control of K/3/3. Operational control K/3/3 and responsibility for the CA LU area of operations was later given to 3/3 after it had displaced to new positions south of THON SON LAM. After the displacement of troops to CA LU, supplies initially were helilifted in to provide a ten day dump level for committed units. Initially operations at the CA LU Outpost emphasized patrol activity to gain a detained knowledge of the surrounding area.

On 31 December E/2/3 and the 122d Regional Forces Company relieved ARVN forces at D-5 Outpost and took responsibility for operations in the Cua Valley. Tactical and logistic support for D-5 proved a far easier task than for CA LU. Support could be moved either directly overland from Camp CARROLL or down Route 558 from CAM LO. It was necessary first, however, to open and repair Route 558 prior to the movement of troops to D-5. The road has continually required engineer support to keep it open and trafficable. The logistic support of D-5, as of CA LU was predicated on a buildup of supplies to support operations in the event of an inability to resupply because of inclement weather or other influencing conditions or events. Operations in the D-5 area, as at CA LU, commenced with patrol activity to get a “feel” for the local area. Differing slightly from the units at CA LU, Company E had previously operated in the D-5 area on an operation in conjunction with ARVN units located there, thus aiding their activities during the initial operations.

On 31 December 1966 G/2/3 returned to the operational control of its parent organization from 3/4. G/2/3 was alerted for the move to BA LONG. On 12 January 1967 after a prolonged period of inclement weather, the advance party of Company G and supplies were lifted by helicopter to BA LONG. On 13 January the remainder of the Company was lifted in along with Battery W/1/13, which was to provide direct support artillery for the area. Battery W was placed under the operational control of 1/12. Because of the inability of 2/3 to support G/2/3 easily, the operational control of the company passed to the Third Marines, with Major W.H. FORREY assigned as Senior Officer Present (SOP) BA LONG, on 13 January. On the same day responsibility for BA LONG area of operations was assumed even though due to weather the ARVN units required an additional two weeks to complete the movement of their supplies and troops form the area. In addition, the same period of time was also required to complete the movement of the 526th Regional Forces Company to BA LONG to operate with the Marines in that area. As the BALONG Outpost is accessible only by helicopter, the logistical buildup required most of the month to attain the required ten day back log of supplies, due to the inability of helicopters to fly during inclement weather. Operations at BA LONG, as at the other two newly acquired outposts, involved an initial phase of heavy patrol activity in order to gain detailed knowledge of the new area.

During the month of January E/2/3 and the 122d Regional Forces Company conducted operations in the CUA Valley, in the vicinity of D-5, directed toward the pacification of that area. In addition to normal patrolling activities, several company sweeps and road clearing operations were conducted. All activity was coordinated with the village chief and National Police in the area through the Fifteenth Counterintelligence Sub-Team working out of D-5. Frequent contact resulted throughout the month on a small unit level. In addition to captured weapons and supplies, the enemy casualty figures were: sixteen confirmed kills, seven probable kills, three confirmed wounded one VC and two Civil Defendants captured, and numerous civilians detained for interrogation.

In addition to tactical operations, a County Fair (3-21) was conducted in the DOC KINH Refugee Hamlet near D-5, on 7 January. After the area had been cordoned off E/2/3 and 122d Regional Forces Company, the people were gathered at a centrally located collection point, while their houses were searched. The people were then processed for proper identification by Vietnamese officials. During the identification screening, the Regimental Surgeon treated approximately 238 people for physical ailments. The people were then gathered at a central point to hear propaganda tapes by an Audio/Visual Team from the 244th Psychological Operations Company (USA). Then speeches were given by a rallier and the District Chief from CAM LO, stressing the themes of hardship under VC leadership and prosperity under government leadership. Also songs were sung by members of Vietnamese Information Service Team from CAM LO. On the preceding day rice and cloth were distributed to each family and during the County Fair clothing was distributed to the children by District officials. In addition to the intelligence information which was gathered, the most significant fact was that the County Fair was run almost entirely by the local Vietnamese. The operation was well received by the people, who have been encouraged by most of the Vietnamese government and Marine activities and operations in the area.

Generally speaking, the people in the valley have become more cooperative since Marines have moved into the area; however, a “wait and see” attitude is still prevalent. The VC has experienced a great deal of difficulty, on the other hand. As reported in a letter from a VC political cadre member to his superiors, the VC are experiencing trouble finding civilian support and supplies. The Marines in the area have made it difficult for them to move and to hide supplies and weapons. In addition their men are subjected to constant harassment and contact by supporting arms fire and patrol activities. The VC has fallen into a state of disarray, and the pacification of the area proceeds.

In addition to the Civil Affairs Program in the CUA Valley a program was recently begun at the CAM LO District Dispensary by the Regimental Surgeon. Although the facilities are good, there is a shortage of trained personnel. Third Marines medical personnel have undertaken a treatment and training program in the area, and for the month of January, 114 people have been treated. The training of personnel to take over from the Marines has not as yet passed beyond the planning stages.

Self-help is also being provided to Montagnard refugees from CAM LO. They are being given work to clear areas around Marine installations and along main supply routes and are being paid in Bulgur wheat and cooking oil by USAID. Not only will this work enable the Montagnard refugees to become more self-supporting, but it also aids in strengthening the defenses of Marine installations and in making road traffic safer due to reduced ambush possibility.

Psychological Operations, in addition to those in support of the County Fair, were predicated on two points of emphasis. First, leaflets directed at the NVA were distributed by hand on trails throughout the Third Marines operating area. Secondly, newspapers were passed out through the CAM LO District Headquarters to the people of the area. These newspapers are published by the Vietnamese government and JUSPAO in Saigon and present the government viewpoint toward the war effort in an attempt to overcome the effects of VC propaganda. Increased efforts in both fields will be made during the TET period in support of the TET Psychological Operations Campaign.

Toward the end of January, after several sniping incidents at vehicles moving along Route 9 and Route 558, Third Marines activated a motorized counter-sniper patrol. Employing snipers from Headquarters Company, the patrol covered the area along Route 9 between Camp CARROLL and DONG HA and on Route 558 between CAM LO and D-5, keeping the Regiment informed of its position at all times.

The alignment of the Third Marines infantry and direct support artillery forces was now as follows: Third Marines - Headquarters at Camp CARROLL, SOP BA LONG, Company G and 526th RF Company at BA LONG Outpost; Headquarters and H/2/3 at Camp CARROLL, F/2/3 at the KHE BIA Bridge, E/2/3 and 122d RF Company at D-5; Headquarters, I and M/3/3 at an operating  base south of THON SON LAM, L/3/3 at the base of the “ROCKPILE”, K/3/3 and 123d RF Company at CA LU; Headquarters, Batteries B and C /1/12 at Camp CARROLL, Battery B 1/40 (USA) with 3/3 Battery W/1/13with SOP BA LONG at the BA LONG Outpost. The new alignment represented an increase from seven infantry companies and two 105mm batteries to eight infantry companies, three RF companies, three 105mm batteries and one 4.2 inch battery. The area of operations was expanded from 79 square miles to 217 square miles. The number of fixed installation was increased from four (Camp CARROLL, KHE GIA Bridge, 3/3 primary position, and “ROCKPILE”) to seven (Camp CARROLL, KHE GIA Bridge, D-5, BA Long, new 3/3 primary position, ROCKPILE, and CA LU).

The weather at the beginning of January followed patterns similar to December - cold and wet with poor visibility. The northeast monsoon developed to its fullest extent. The entire month was characterized by generally poor overall weather. The sun was visible from Camp CARROLL on a total of four days. The other days, typical crachin weather prevailed, i.e. drizzle, low visibility, and complete cloud cover and 10-15 knot winds. The temperature ranged from 65 to 72 degrees F and the average humidity was 88%. Total rainfall for the month of January was 5.9 inches. The weather adversely affected friendly operations. In some cases the commencement date or the scheme of maneuver of an operation had to be altered because of inclement weather or poor visibility. Aerial Photo Recon, Medevac, resupply and patrol extraction missions were also adversely affected. On the ground, high water levels in streams and rivers coupled with soft muddy earth hindered the movement by foot and vehicles

Individual clothing, in particular, Jungle utilities, and jungle boots were in short supply during most of the month, but the situation is improving. Individual equipment, e.g. body armor, upper torso; canteen cups and covers; and field mess knives, forks and spoons were reported as short items in the OPCON battalions.

Enemy activity during the month of January consisted of isolated, unrelated mortar attacks on friendly positions and small unit actions. There were sixteen enemy mortar attacks on friendly units in the PRAIRIE area, two on 3/3, with an average of thirty five 82mm mortar rounds falling in each. There was a sharp increase in the number of small unit contacts during the month, particularly in CUA Valley. Mine and booby trap incidents also increased. There was, however, no contact with, or even sightings of, major enemy units by Third Marine forces. In addition, in every reported incident throughout the area of operations, the enemy either broke contact upon making it, or withdrew to avoid it.

The concept of operations within the Third Marines area of operations had substantially changed as a result of repositioning of forces, although the basic mission had not. With additional forces, but an expanded area, the tactical thinking had to change. 3/3 moved form a “tight” defensive position to an operating base in order to permit large scale operations; however, the primary impetus for action still evolved upon small units. Patrols were employed both to gain knowledge of the newly acquired areas and to cover and screen areas between fixed installations and along main routes of approach into the area of operations. Company and platoon patrol bases augmented local security to carry out these objectives, particularly to cover the main threats to the THON SON LAM and Camp CARROLL areas. During the last week of January battalion (-) sized operations were conducted, employing first one and then the other battalion in the “field”. During this entire period the improvement of defenses at fixed installations continued.

As a result of the greater number of fixed installations and their wide dispersion, the logistic concept called for resupply by surface means to as great an extent as possible. BA LONG is still accessible only by helicopter and must be resupplied in that manner. CA LU and D-5 are now accessible by road and are being resupplied by surface means, though it was necessary to resupply CA LU by air initially. The Third Battalions new position is also accessible by road and is resupplied by convoy. A ford was opened across the CAM LO River so that Company L could be resupplied in the same manner, provided the river was not swollen by monsoon rains. Although shortages in certain items existed at times during January, they were by the end of the month essentially rectified; and stock levels were brought up to ten days of supply. Engineer efforts during January were primarily in support of the logistic concept of operations. Route 558 and Route 9 were opened to D-5 and CA LU respectively, and continued efforts were directed toward keeping these roads open and trafficable during the monsoon season.

Major operations conducted during the month of January were as follows. Immediately upon the termination of New Year’s Truce on 2 January the Third Marines conducted extensive counter mortar exercises. Counter mortar fire plans were plotted, and tested for speed of reaction and accuracy. Fires were plotted on known and suspected enemy mortar sites. Extensive H&I’s were fired, particularly during the predawn and predusk periods, to offset enemy attacks. It had been noted that every enemy mortar attack on Third Battalion, Third Marines Command post during the preceding two months had occurred between the hours of 1700 and 1900, thus the emphasis on the pre-dusk H&I’s . Patrolling activities were increased during the counter mortar exercises and platoon patrol bases were established.

Since the time when the QUANG TRI River Valley from CA LU to BA LONG, or the BA Long Valley as it is sometimes known, was included in the Third Marines area of operations, an operation had been planned in that area. After the termination of the Second Battalion operation on 27 January the necessary forces were available

Plans for insertion of a two platoon patrol base on DONG HA Mountain to the north of Camp CARROLL across the CAM LO River were delayed, as inclement weather prevented both the helicopter insertion and attempts to walk in across the swollen river, early in the month. On 13 January, the weather cleared enough to allow the lifting of one platoon from H/2/3 onto the mountain. The platoon was maintained there by helicopter resupply, being withdrawn on 24 January.

January marked the termination of PRAIRIE I, and PRAIRIE II, commenced on 1 February. In the offing for February is the displacement of the Regimental Headquarters to DONG HA in conjunction with plans for the Third Marines to assume operational control of all the infantry units in the PRAIRIE area upon the movement of the Fourth Marines Command Post to PHU BAI area. The beginning of February will also mark the commencement of the TET Season. Indications are that enemy activity before and after the holidays will probably increase. The end of the monsoon season appeared in sight during the last days of January as the overcast broke for several days and the sun appeared. Two battalion-sized operations were conducted at the end of the month in conjunction with the improved weather conditions. This prospective change in the weather and the fact that newly positioned units have become familiar with their areas will certainly mark the beginning of an increase in the number and size of operations after the TET holiday.

Final hostile casualties for the month of January were: KIA 0, WIA 20, MIA 0. Total non-hostile casualties were 50

010001H-010700H            3d Marines operations during the New Year Truce period were conducted using maximum recon patrols and ambushes.

020900H-050900H 3d Marines conducted extensive counter mortar operations in AO to perfect counter mortar reaction and fire plans to prevent enemy mortar attacks. Extensive artillery H&I’s and fires on known and suspected mortar positions were combined with aggressive patrolling activities within the AO. Emphasis was placed upon predusk and predawn counter mortar fires.

041736H     3/3 (XD 982582) had an 81mm short round land in another gun position resulting in 2 USMC WIA.

051600H     K/2/3 patrol apprehended 3 VN females in the vicinity of (YD 098512). Two of the females were married to known VC and were detained. The detainees were transported to G-2 for further interrogation. Results: 2 Civil Defendants.

07020215H-080920H        F/2/3 and RF 122 conducted County Fair 3-21 in the DOC KINH Refugee Hamlet in the CUA Valley. 2200 people were processed by Vietnamese officials for proper identification. 238 people were treated by the Regimental Surgeon. Propaganda was disseminated in the form of tapes, talks by a CHIEU HOI, and a speech by the District Chief of CAM LO. The County Fair was well received by the people, and additional intelligence information to assist in the pacification of the CUA Valley was gathered.

8 Jan 67       An additional 3 Otters were employed by 3/3 in their AO. This makes a total of 6 Otters which are employed in the 3d Marines AO. These machines have been used by 3/3 exclusively during this period. The deadline rate is about 70% when using the Otter in rough, rocky terrain, but during the latter part of the month this was reduced to 20% when repair parts were airlifted from DA NANG.

111613H     3/3 CP and M/3/3 CP fifty rounds of 82mm mortar fire fell during a twenty minute period; however resulting damage was minimal. Results: 5 USMC WIA. Counter mortar fire was returned within two minutes on the primary enemy mortar position in the vicinity of (XD 963582) as well as the other suspected enemy positions. L/3/3 CP located at the base of the “ROCKPILE”, and L/33 PPB (XD 967564)on the “RAZORBACK” were hit by small arms fire from that ridgeline during the mortar attack; artillery was fired in support of that company as well. All enemy fire was suppressed by 1635H, and escape routes were fired upon by artillery. A total of 521 artillery rounds were expended in counter mortar fire, H&I’s, and grid square saturation, during and following the enemy mortar attack.

120900H-131215H G/2/3, W/1/13 and 526th RF Company moved to BA LONG to relieve ARVN units in the area for participation in the Revolutionary Development Program, assumed responsibility for BA LONG AO, and chopped to 3d Marines.

121000H     3/3 began its movement to new positions to the south. In a two stage displacement the Battalion moved from a “tight” defensive position to the north of THON SON LAM and the CAM LO River to an operating base to the south of THON SON LAM astride Route 9 vicinity of (XD 982544). On the first day Command Group A, M and H&S/3/3 moved by foot across the CAM LO River to the new position. Positions were set up in the in conjunction with Battery B, 1/40 USA, tanks and ontos, thus allowing 3/3 to better support units within its AO.

121110H     H/2/3 patrol sweeping village (YD 115504) detonated booby trap resulting in 1 USMC WIA.

121223H     87 82mm mortar rounds of enemy mortar fire fell on positions vacated by M/3/3 several hours before. Within six minutes artillery and 81mm counter mortar fire was delivered on six separate targets.

121230H     The enemy fire ceased after a total of 160 artillery rounds were fired in suppression. The enemy apparently had not noted 3/3’s displacement which resulted in their firing on a vacated position.

                      These two attacks differed noticeably from previous attacks in the time of occurrence (prior to 1700), perhaps as a result of pre-dusk H&I’s. It should also be noted that friendly casualties were minimal. The second attack, which did not appear to have been premeditated, was completely fruitless. The enemy did not even bother to observe his fires; otherwise it might have been noted that the Company M position was deserted. The quick response of counter mortar fire resulted in the termination of enemy fires more quickly than on previous occasions, and damage was limited. An analysis of these two attacks confirmed the value of previously conducted counter mortar exercises.

13 Jan 67    Command Group B and I/3/3displaced by helicopter to the new positions. The move was completed at 131750H.

130900H-241329H            H/2/3 platoon (Reinf) maintained a PPB on DONG HA Mountain and conducted extensive reconnaissance patrols in the area, thus denying the enemy a potential mortar position against Camp CARROLL. This PPB was inserted, extracted and resupplied by helicopter. The platoon was extracted to the originally planned time in order to participate in another operation.

14 Jan 67    After a suitable defensive position had been established by the 3/3, Battery B/1/40 (USA), with 105mm (SP) howitzers, displaced to the new position to provide direct support artillery for 3/3. Battery B (USA) was assigned to the operational control of the 1/12. Tanks, ontos, and dual 40mm guns (SP) were also moved to the new position.

                      Initially the 3/3 had difficulty communicating with Regiment; however, wire was laid to establish trunk lines between 3/3 and the Regimental Command Post. Subsequently, this communications network was replaced by erecting a radio relay link on the “ROCKPILE”. The new position of the Third Battalion, astride Route 9, provided easy access for vehicular traffic. Previously the Battalion had been cut off from vehicular access by the CAM LO River, which necessitated helicopter resupply. Now the battalion could be resupplied by truck convoy, and communication/coordination between commanders was made less difficult. This new location permitted the establishment of a water point with hot showers and the feeding of “A” rations. This battalion had been without such luxuries for nearly three months.

15 Jan 66    Battery B (USA) displaced four guns from 3/3 position to a point west in order to bring direct fore to bear on the western slopes of the “RAZORBACK”, demonstrating the operational mobility of the Third Battalion supporting arms. The battalion was now in position to support CA LU with forces and its own direct support artillery.

16 Jan 67    3/3 assumed operational control of Company K and responsibility for the CA LU area of operations. The battalion was also prepared to commit a command group and up to two companies for operations at any of the outposts in the Third Marines area of operations or anywhere in the PRAIRIE/KHE SANH area.

21 Jan 67    F/2/3 passed to the operational control of the 3/4 as the company moved to DONG HA for the defense of that area in support of an operation elsewhere.

22 Jan 67    3/4 began an operation to the north and east of DONG HA Mountain.

24 Jan 67    Division Forward decided to move the operating area somewhat to the south, but still north and east of DONGHA Mountain, and to place the operation under the control of the 2/3.

25 Jan 67    All elements of the 3/4 involved in the operation, except for Company M, returned to DONG HA. Company F returned to the 2/3, and Battery B1/12 moved from DONG HA to positions north of Camp CARROLL on Route 9 to support the operation on the following day.

260758H     2/3 commenced the operation, as lead elements were helilifted into an artillery prepped landing zone. Employing M/3/4, which had remained in the area from its previous operation, as a blocking force to the east, Command Group A and F and H/2/3 with M/3/3 attached, commenced a two phase search and destroy operation beginning in an area north of DONG HA Mountain and moving east. L/3/4 was moved to reinforce Camp CARROLL and also came under the operational control of 2/3.

26 Jan 67    Two 175mm guns from 2/94 USA displaced from Camp CARROLL to 3/3’s position south of THONN SON LAM to fire in support of an engaged recon patrol. This was the first nighttime displacement for these guns in Vietnam.

260630H     I/3/3 patrol received 1 incoming grenade at (XD 982528) resulting in 1 USMC WIA.

27 Jan 67    As a result of increased enemy activity to the west in the vicinity of KHE SANH (Two recon patrols had been heavily engaged in that area in less than a week), the operation was terminated and all units concerned were directed to move to their respective Command Posts and return to their parent units. Because of difficult terrain encountered by the Second Battalion’s operating force, the unit’s required movement was not completed until 0330H on 28 January. In conjunction with the increased enemy activity to the west, the Third Marine Regimental Command Group A and 3/3 were prepared for a possible move to KHE SANH; however no requirement developed for employment of forces in that area..

290200H     Command Group A and I/3/3 commenced movement to CA LU to link up with K/3/3 for the proposed operation. Battery B, 1/40 (SP) (USA) followed in trace to provide direct support artillery from CA LU.

290500H     Command Group A, I, K/3/3 and one platoon of the 123d Regional Forces Company from CA LU commenced a sweep, at first light, of the populated area on the northern side of the QUANG TRI River to the east of CA LU with G/2/3 in blocking position further to the east in the river valley. Action terminated at 291625H and units commenced movement to their respective CP’s. Results of operation were 2 enemy KIA (Conf), 1 PW (NVA), 7 PW (VC), and assorted enemy weapons and supplies.

29 Jan 67    3 rubber boats were received by 3/3 for use in crossing the CAM LO and QUANG TRI Rivers. Qualified personnel were available in this unit to utilize these boats. Prior to this time, local boats were used to cross swollen rivers and streams.

301830H     K/3/3 captured another VC in the CA LU area. The captive stated he would lead the company to a recently hidden arms cache.

300915H     E/2/3 patrol tripped booby trapped M-26 grenade at YD 103503) resulting in 2 USMC WIA.

301805H     L/3/3 PPB (XD 967564) received heavy fire from estimated 5 enemy automatic weapons resulting in 9 USMC WIA.

31 Jan 67    K/3/3 (-) with a squad of RF’s, conducted another sweep of the village area on the northern bank of the QUANG TRI River, with four guns from Battery B, (SP) (USA) again displacing to CA LU. Although the arms cache was not located, two additional VC were captured. The sweep terminated at noon, with the units returning to their respective Command Posts

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